Copyright	(c) The University of Glasgow 2001
License	BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
Maintainer	libraries@haskell.org
Stability	experimental
Portability	non-portable (requires universal quantification for runST)
Safe Haskell	Trustworthy
Language	Haskell2010

Control.Monad.ST.Safe

Contents

The ST Monad
Converting ST to IO

Description

Deprecated: Safe is now the default, please use Control.Monad.ST instead

This library provides support for strict state threads, as described in the PLDI '94 paper by John Launchbury and Simon Peyton Jones Lazy Functional State Threads.

Safe API Only.

Synopsis

data ST s a
runST :: (forall s. ST s a) -> a
fixST :: (a -> ST s a) -> ST s a
data RealWorld
stToIO :: ST RealWorld a -> IO a

The `ST` Monad

data ST s a Source #

The strict state-transformer monad. A computation of type ST s a transforms an internal state indexed by s, and returns a value of type a. The s parameter is either

an uninstantiated type variable (inside invocations of runST), or
RealWorld (inside invocations of stToIO).

It serves to keep the internal states of different invocations of runST separate from each other and from invocations of stToIO.

The >>= and >> operations are strict in the state (though not in values stored in the state). For example,

runST (writeSTRef _|_ v >>= f) = _|_

Instances

Monad (ST s) #	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods (>>=) :: ST s a -> (a -> ST s b) -> ST s b Source # (>>) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s b Source # return :: a -> ST s a Source # fail :: String -> ST s a Source #
Functor (ST s) #	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods fmap :: (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b Source # (<$) :: a -> ST s b -> ST s a Source #
MonadFix (ST s) #	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Control.Monad.Fix Methods mfix :: (a -> ST s a) -> ST s a Source #
MonadFail (ST s) #	Since: base-4.11.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods fail :: String -> ST s a Source #
Applicative (ST s) #	Since: base-4.4.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods pure :: a -> ST s a Source # (<>) :: ST s (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b Source # liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s c Source # (>) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s b Source # (<*) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s a Source #
Show (ST s a) #	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods showsPrec :: Int -> ST s a -> ShowS Source # show :: ST s a -> String Source # showList :: [ST s a] -> ShowS Source #
Semigroup a => Semigroup (ST s a) #	Since: base-4.11.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods (<>) :: ST s a -> ST s a -> ST s a Source # sconcat :: NonEmpty (ST s a) -> ST s a Source # stimes :: Integral b => b -> ST s a -> ST s a Source #
Monoid a => Monoid (ST s a) #	Since: base-4.11.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods mempty :: ST s a Source # mappend :: ST s a -> ST s a -> ST s a Source # mconcat :: [ST s a] -> ST s a Source #

runST :: (forall s. ST s a) -> a Source #

Return the value computed by a state transformer computation. The forall ensures that the internal state used by the ST computation is inaccessible to the rest of the program.

fixST :: (a -> ST s a) -> ST s a Source #

Allow the result of a state transformer computation to be used (lazily) inside the computation. Note that if f is strict, fixST f = _|_.

Converting `ST` to `IO`

data RealWorld Source #

RealWorld is deeply magical. It is primitive, but it is not unlifted (hence ptrArg). We never manipulate values of type RealWorld; it's only used in the type system, to parameterise State#.

stToIO :: ST RealWorld a -> IO a Source #

Embed a strict state transformer in an IO action. The RealWorld parameter indicates that the internal state used by the ST computation is a special one supplied by the IO monad, and thus distinct from those used by invocations of runST.

The ST Monad

Converting ST to IO

The `ST` Monad

Converting `ST` to `IO`